Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza, presumably H5N1 strain, was isolated from a wild hybrid duck on the north shore of the Island of Oahu.  Following confirmation of H5N1 influenza at a bird sanctuary in Wahiawa in mid-November, surveillance of free-living birds has been intensified yielding the diagnosis.

In a separate report, authorities in Oahu are investigating the source of H5 influenza virus RNA in wastewater, suggesting introduction of the infection from agricultural operations or migratory birds since there is no evidence of human infection.

Given susceptibility of all geese to HPAI there should be concern over infection and mortality among the threatened population of 3,500 Nene, the Hawaiian Goose (Branta sandivicensis). At the least, wildlife authorities should consider vaccination of birds held under captivity in breeding facilities. Permission to vaccinate the highly endangered California condor (Gymnogyps californianus) took an inordinate time and accordingly an application and limited evaluation should be initiated before emergence of mortality in the diverse populations of the State Bird.