Genus plc. a biotechnology company in the U.K. has successfully removed the CD163 gene applying CRISPR technology to produce pigs resistant to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS).  This infection is estimated to cost the hog industry $3 billion annually.  Four commercial lines of pigs have been modified and are now available to breeders.

Genus plc. has applied to the USFDA for approval of gene-deleted pigs.  Under current FDA procedures, gene deletion applying CRISPR is regarded as a “investigational new drug” that will impose both expense and time before approval.  CRISPR does not involve any introduction of genetic material but is simply the removal of a gene.  Approval of genetically modified salmon by the FDA required decades for a decision although the Aqua Bounty product required the introduction of genes from other species.

It is hoped that the GENUS application to the FDA will be expedited since this will make possible the approval of CRISPR gene deletion that may in the future create strains of poultry that will be resistant to specific diseases including avian influenza.  It is also possible at the present time to create egg production strains that allow simple and effective gender sorting obviating the current bridge technology assaying hormones in allantoic fluid.

The outstanding question is whether consumers will accept gene deletion or even genetic modification of poultry and livestock.  Perhaps the restraint is the disinclination of breeders to adopt CRISPR and gene modification based on their perception of consumer demand.  The opposition to applying a patented and proven technology for gender determination may well be moot if China in its determination to become a world-class breeder of broiler and egg producing strains applies advanced technology. Their domestic market is large enough to support breeding programs with and without CRISPR technology and GMO. With successful implementation China will enter export markets competing with traditional breeders in the E.U. and the U.S.