A study conducted at the Salk Institute investigated the effect of time-restricted feeding on gene expression in mice restricted to nine hours each day of eating time compared to controls fed ad lib. Expression of genes associated with the duodenum and jejunum were upregulated in mice subjected to time-restricted feeding but there was no effect on the distal intestinal tract.  Of interest was the recognition that genes associated with endocrine function including the adrenal gland and pancreas were affected by time restriction.

These studies may have implications for egg-producing flocks.  Activation of feeding systems is based on an ad hoc schedule through the day with supplementary stimulation of feed intake at predetermined intervals.  A more comprehensive knowledge of the effect of circadian rhythm on digestive and endocrine activity could provide more efficient feeding programs that might enhance conversion and hence profitability.